HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT LIMNOPHILA (ASIAN MARSHWEED)
(Limnophila sessiliflora)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Japan, Akita

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INTRODUCTION LIMNOPHILA (ASIAN MARSHWEED) Limnophila (Asian marshweed) (Limnophila sessiliflora) is a dicot weed in the Scrophulariaceae family.  In Japan this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 1996 and infests Rice.   Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to bensulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Dec 28, 2013 ) Common Name Limnophila (Asian marshweed) Species Limnophila sessiliflora Group Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) Herbicides bensulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Location Japan, Akita Year 1996 Situation(s) Rice Contributors - (Alphabetically) Kazuyuki Itoh  Edit this Case  |  Add New Case of Resistance  |  Add Note

NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE GENERAL Kazuyuki Itoh Named Kikumo in Japanese. Edit this Note  |  Add New Note   GENERAL Kazuyuki Itoh Itoh 1997, Wang et al. 1997. Edit this Note  |  Add New Note

ACADEMIC ASPECTS Confirmation Tests Field, and Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Limnophila (Asian marshweed) biotype with this Limnophila (Asian marshweed) biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.   Genetics Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Limnophila (Asian marshweed) have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature   Mechanism of Resistance The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.   Relative Fitness There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Limnophila (Asian marshweed) from Japan please update the database.   Edit Case  |  Add Note  |  Add Article  |  Add New Case  |  Help

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS KAZUYUKI ITOH Professor Kobe University Graduate School of Agricultural Science １-１ Rokkodaicho Kobe, 657-0013, Hyogo Japan Email Kazuyuki Itoh

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Japan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Kazuyuki Itoh for providing detailed information.

Herbicide Resistant Limnophila (Asian marshweed) Globally (Limnophila sessiliflora) Herbicide Resistant Limnophila (Asian marshweed) Globally (Limnophila sessiliflora) Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column Herbicide Resistant Limnophila (Asian marshweed) Globally (Limnophila sessiliflora) # Country Country StateName FirstYear Situation Active Ingredients CountryID Site of Action WeedID Species CommonName ResistID 1 Japan Japan   1996 Rice bensulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 25 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) 105 Limnophila sessiliflora Limnophila (Asian marshweed) 536

Literature about Similar Cases

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Lin Ying ; Wang GuangXi ; Li Wei ; Ito, M.. 2004. Secondary structure prediction of acetolactate synthase protein in sulfonylurea herbicide resistant Limnophila sessiliflora. Journal of Pesticide Science 29 : 1 - 5.

We cloned and sequenced fragments encoding ALS genes from biotypes of L. sessiliflora susceptible and resistant to sulfonylurea (SU)-herbicide. Comparisons of deduced amino acid sequences and secondary protein structures were conducted. Pro was substituted with Gln, and a G-X-X-P motif was abolished in Domain A of resistant ALS, and the secondary protein structure was converted from extended strands to an α-helix around Domain A by the Pro mutation. We suggest that resistance to SU-herbicides is caused by the mutation of ALS and conformational change of its secondary structure..

Wang GuangXi ; Watanabe, H. ; Uchino, A. ; Itoh, K.. 2000. Response of a sulfonylurea (SU)-resistant biotype of Limnophila sessiliflora to selected SU and alternative herbicides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 68 : 59 - 66.

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Miyahara, M. ; Guh, J. O. ; Lee, D. J.. 1998. Occurrence of resistant weeds to sulfonylurea herbicides in Japan. Korean Journal of Weed Science 18 : 268 - 279.

This review considers the most important weeds showing resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides in Japan: Monochoria korsakowii, M. vaginalis var. plantaginea, Lindernia spp., Limnophila sessiliflora, Elatine triandra var. pedicellata, Scirpus juncoides var. ohwianus, Rotala indica var. uliginosa and Chenopodium album. The distribution and spread of these resistant weeds in Japan and their control are discussed..

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