REDROOT PIGWEED (Amaranthus retroflexus) with GROUP B/2 resistance: (INHIBITION OF ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE ) Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase
MUTATION: TRYPTOPHAN 574 to LEUCINE
Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) is a dicot plant in the amaranthaceae family. A single amino acid substitution from Tryptophan 574 to Leucine has led to resistance to Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase as indicated in the table below.		Redroot Pigweed

Chemical Family	Example Herbicide	Resistance Level
Imidazolinones	Imazethapyr	Resistant > 10 fold
Pyrimidinyl benzoates	Bispyribac-Na	Not Determined
Sulfonylureas	Chlorsulfuron	Resistant > 10 fold
Triazolopyrimidine - Type 1	Chloransulam-methyl	Not Determined
Triazolinones	Flucarbazone-Na	Not Determined

REFERENCES

Scarabel, L. ; Varotto, S. ; Sattin, M.. 2005. An Italian population of Amaranthus retroflexus resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides: resistance pattern and molecular basis. : .

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McNaughton, K. E. ; Letarte, J. ; Lee, E. A. ; Tardif, F. J.. 2005. Mutations in ALS confer herbicide resistance in redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii). Weed Science 53 : 17 - 22.

A number of redroot pigweed and Powell amaranth populations from various locations in Ontario, Canada, have distinct patterns of resistance to the acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides imazethapyr and thifensulfuron. This suggested the presence of diverse ALS gene mutations among these populations. Seven polymerase chain reaction primer pairs were used to amplify the gene to obtain full sequence information and to determine the identity of resistance-conferring mutations. There was a high degree of similarity in the ALS gene of the two species with only five nucleotides and one amino acid differing. A total of four herbicide resistance-conferring mutations were identified in the two species. The Ala₁₂₂Thr, Ala₂₀₅Val, and Trp₅₇₄Leu amino acid substitutions were found in redroot pigweed whereas Ala₁₂₂Thr, Trp₅₇₄Leu, and Ser₆₅₃Thr were detected in Powell amaranth. The pattern of resistance known to be conferred by the mutations concurred with the resistance level observed at the whole plant level. Distinct mutations being found in geographically separated populations suggest that selection for resistance occurred simultaneously in different locations. It reinforces the fact that resistance to ALS inhibitors is easily selected and that growers need to take this into account when formulating weed management strategies..

This case was entered by Patrick Tranel Email: tranel@illinois.edu

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