<b>HRAC Group 5</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy C1 C2) </font> resistant Polypogon monspeliensis from Israel

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 5 (LEGACY C1 C2) RESISTANT RABBITFOOT POLYPOGON
(Polypogon monspeliensis)

PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

Israel

INTRODUCTION		RABBITFOOT POLYPOGON
Rabbitfoot Polypogon (Polypogon monspeliensis) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family. In Israel this weed first evolved resistance to Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides in 1979 and infests Roadsides. Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides are known as PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (Inhbition of Photosynthesis at PSll - Serine 264 Binders ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to atrazine, and simazine and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Sep 15, 2000 )
Common Name	Rabbitfoot Polypogon
Species	Polypogon monspeliensis
Group	PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Herbicides	atrazine, and simazine
Location	Israel
Year	1979
Situation(s)	Roadsides
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Baruch Rubin
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Rabbitfoot Polypogon biotype with this Rabbitfoot Polypogon biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 5 resistant Rabbitfoot Polypogon have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) resistant Rabbitfoot Polypogon from Israel please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

BARUCH RUBIN

Professor Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Inst. Plant Sci. & Genetics In Agriculture Faculty Of Agric. Food & Environm. Rehovot, 76100, Israel Israel Email Baruch Rubin

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Israel have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Baruch Rubin for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Rabbitfoot Polypogon Globally
(Polypogon monspeliensis)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

Israel

1979

Roadsides

atrazine, and simazine

PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Zapiola, M. L. ; Mallory-Smith, C. A.. 2012. Crossing the divide: gene flow produces intergeneric hybrid in feral transgenic creeping bentgrass population. Molecular Ecology 21 : 4672 - 4680.

Gene flow is the most frequently expressed public concern related to the deregulation of transgenic events (Snow 2002; Ellstrand 2003). However, assessing the potential for transgene escape is complex because it depends on the opportunities for unintended gene flow, and establishment and persistence of the transgene in the environment (Warwick et al. 2008). Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), a turfgrass species widely used on golf courses, has been genetically engineered to be resistant to glyphosate, a nonselective herbicide. Outcrossing species, such as creeping bentgrass (CB), which have several compatible species, have greater chances for gene escape and spontaneous hybridization (i.e. natural, unassisted sexual reproduction between taxa in the field), which challenges transgene containment. Several authors have emphasized the need for evidence of spontaneous hybridization to infer the potential for gene flow (Armstrong et al. 2005). Here we report that a transgenic intergeneric hybrid has been produced as result of spontaneous hybridization of a feral-regulated transgenic pollen receptor (CB) and a nontransgenic pollen donor (rabbitfoot grass, RF, Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.). We identified an off-type transgenic seedling and confirmed it to be CB × RF intergeneric hybrid. This first report of a transgenic intergeneric hybrid produced in situ with a regulated transgenic event demonstrates the importance of considering all possible avenues for transgene spread at the landscape level before planting a regulated transgenic crop in the field. Spontaneous hybridization adds a level of complexity to transgene monitoring, containment, mitigation and remediation programmes..

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