<b>HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Diplotaxis tenuifolia from Australia, South Australia

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT PERENNIAL WALLROCKET
(Diplotaxis tenuifolia)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Australia, South Australia

INTRODUCTION		PERENNIAL WALLROCKET
Perennial Wallrocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) is a dicot weed in the Brassicaceae family. In South Australia this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2004 and infests Cereals. Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to chlorsulfuron, and triasulfuron and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Jul 29, 2004 )
Common Name	Perennial Wallrocket
Species	Diplotaxis tenuifolia
Group	Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicides	chlorsulfuron, and triasulfuron
Location	Australia, South Australia
Year	2004
Situation(s)	Cereals
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Christopher Preston
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Perennial Wallrocket biotype with this Perennial Wallrocket biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Perennial Wallrocket have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Perennial Wallrocket from South Australia please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

CHRISTOPHER PRESTON

University Of Adelaide - Waite Campus Crc For Australian Weed Management And School Of Agriculture Box 2146 Adelaide, 5064, South Australia Australia Email Christopher Preston

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in South Australia have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Christopher Preston for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Perennial Wallrocket Globally
(Diplotaxis tenuifolia)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

Australia (South Australia)

2004

Cereals

chlorsulfuron, and triasulfuron

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Preston, C.. 2006. Resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. : 526 - 529.

Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. is a perennial weed that can be a particularly problematic weed of crops in certain areas of South Australia. In 2003, failure of sulfonylurea herbicides to control D. tenuifolia was reported from a number of sites across a substantial area near Streaky Bay in South Australia. Seed was collected and tested for resistance to chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron. Chlorsulfuron was applied post emergent at 15 g a.i. ha^-1 when seedlings were at the two to four true leaf stage. A second application was made 28 days later. Triasulfuron at 22.5 g a.i. ha^-1 was applied pre-emergent to soil into which D. tenuifolia seed had been sown. Of the 28 samples tested, 16 proved resistant to chlorsulfuron. The same populations were also resistant to triasulfuron. There was a degree of variation in the responses of the different populations to these herbicides suggesting that resistance had evolved more than once. Subsequent dose response experiments confirmed resistance to triasulfuron in one population. An unusual aspect of the evolution of resistance in D. tenuifolia is that it has occurred in a perennial species..

Rieger, M. A. ; Preston, C. ; Powles, S. B.. 1999. Risks of gene flow from transgenic herbicide-resistant canola (Brassica napus) to weedy relatives in southern Australian cropping systems. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50 : 115 - 128.

It is likely that transgenic canola [rape] expressing genes encoding resistance to glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium will be introduced into the Australian cropping system in the next few years. One risk associated with the introduction of such cultivars is the release of herbicide resistance genes into weedy relatives of canola. This review examines the currently available experimental information regarding the possibility of gene flow from canola to weedy relatives. Three species are identified as having the potential to outcross with canola, Brassica juncea, B. rapa [B. campestris] and Raphanus raphanistrum. The first two of these species are not yet widespread weeds of the southern Australian cropping zone. In contrast, R. raphanistrum is already a major weed in Australia with existing resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. Information is urgently needed to determine whether successful hybrids between B. napus and R. raphanistrum can be produced under Australian conditions. Major deficiencies in the existing information are identified in relation to some other important weed species within the southern Australian cropping zone. Further studies are required to determine the outcrossing potential of canola to B. tournefortii, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Sisymbrium officinale and S. orientale if transgenic canola is to be safely and responsibly introduced into Australia..

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