International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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HRAC GROUP 9 (LEGACY G) RESISTANT PERENNIAL RYEGRASS
(Lolium perenne)


Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

Argentina
INTRODUCTION PERENNIAL RYEGRASS
Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Argentina this weed first evolved resistance to Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides in 2008 and infests Soybean, Spring Barley, and Wheat.   Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of EPSP synthase).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to glyphosate and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Mar 28, 2017 )

Common NamePerennial Ryegrass
SpeciesLolium perenne
GroupInhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Herbicidesglyphosate
LocationArgentina
Year2008
Situation(s)Soybean, Spring Barley, and Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Ana Castro, Daniel Giménez, Carolina Istilart, and Marcos Yanniccari 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Perennial Ryegrass biotype with this Perennial Ryegrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 9 resistant Perennial Ryegrass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 9 (Legacy G) resistant Perennial Ryegrass from Argentina please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

ANA CASTRO
Professor - Research
Universidad Nacional De La Plata
Genetic
60 Y 119 - Cc31
La Plata, 1900
Argentina
Email Ana Castro
DANIEL GIMÉNEZ
Professor
Universidad Nacional De La Plata - Infive
Depart. Of Biological Sciences
61 Y 113 - Cc 31
La Plata, 1900
Argentina
Email Daniel Giménez
CAROLINA ISTILART
Research
Ministerio A. Agrarios Bs. As. Instituto Tecnología Agropecu
Cei Barrow (maa-Inta) - Plant Protection - Weed
Ruta Nac. Nº 3 Km 487 - Cc 50
Tres Arroyos, B7500WAA Tres Arroy, Pcia. Buenos Aires
Argentina
Email Carolina Istilart
MARCOS YANNICCARI
Ing. Agr.
Infive (unlp - Conicet)
Department Of Biological Sciences
Diag 113 Y 61 - Cc 31
La Plata, 1900, Pcia. Buenos Aires
Argentina
Email Marcos Yanniccari

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Argentina have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Ana Castro, Daniel Giménez, Carolina Istilart, and Marcos Yanniccari for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Perennial Ryegrass Globally
(Lolium perenne)
Herbicide Resistant Perennial Ryegrass Globally
(Lolium perenne)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Perennial Ryegrass Globally
(Lolium perenne)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ArgentinaArgentina 2008 Soybean, Spring Barley, and Wheat glyphosate 48 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass5487
2 ChileChile 2001 Cereals clodinafop-propargyl, and diclofop-methyl 8 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass5397
3 DenmarkDenmark 2016 Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, and iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 13 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass15077
4 GermanyGermany 2008 Wheat iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, pinoxaden, and pyroxsulam 18 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass5385
5 New ZealandNew Zealand 2012 Grapes glyphosate 30 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass6750
6 New ZealandNew Zealand 2014 Wheat chlorsulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, pyroxsulam, thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 30 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass18201
7 New ZealandNew Zealand 2015 Grapes amitrole, glufosinate-ammonium, and glyphosate 30 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Lycopene Cyclase ( HRAC Group 34 (Legacy F3)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Inhibition of Glutamine Synthetase ( HRAC Group 10 (Legacy H)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass14055
8 PortugalPortugal 2013 Grapes glyphosate 34 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass7825
9 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia1989 Railways, and Roadsides sulfometuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass396
10 United States (Texas) United StatesTexas1989 Roadsides sulfometuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass397
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