International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT CALIFORNIA ARROWHEAD
(Sagittaria montevidensis)


Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

China, Jilin
INTRODUCTION CALIFORNIA ARROWHEAD
California Arrowhead (Sagittaria montevidensis) is a monocot weed in the Alismataceae family.  In China this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2003 and infests Rice.   Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to bensulfuron-methyl, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Jul 10, 2007 )

Common NameCalifornia Arrowhead
SpeciesSagittaria montevidensis
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesbensulfuron-methyl, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl
LocationChina, Jilin
Year2003
Situation(s)Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)José Noldin 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible California Arrowhead biotype with this California Arrowhead biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant California Arrowhead indicate that the inheritance is determined by a one gene, semi dominant, nuclear trait.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

Studies on the mechanism of resistance of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant California Arrowhead from China indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site, and sequestration.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Relative Fitness

Researchers have indicated that Group 2/B resistant California Arrowhead is ecologically less fit than normal susceptible California Arrowhead.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the fitness of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

JOSÉ NOLDIN
Weed Scientist
Epagri - Agri. And Extn Inst. For Santa Catarina State
Itajai Experiment Station
Dept of Agronomy Horticulture
PO Box 830915, 362 Plant Science
Itajaí, 88301-970, Santa Catarina
Brazil
Email José Noldin

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in China have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to José Noldin for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Australia (New South Wales ) AustraliaNew South Wales 1994 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 1 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead7
2 BrazilBrazil 1999 Rice bispyribac-sodium, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 5 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead1179
3 BrazilBrazil 2009 Rice bentazon, bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 5 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Histidine 215 Binders ( HRAC Group 6 (Legacy C3)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead5588
4 BrazilBrazil 2023 Rice florpyrauxifen 5 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead26264
5 ChinaChina 2003 Rice bensulfuron-methyl, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 9 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead5303
6 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia1993 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead390
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