Multiple resistant Hedyotis verticillata from Malaysia

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

MULTIPLE RESISTANT WOODY BORRERIA
(Hedyotis verticillata)

Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

Malaysia, Terengganu

INTRODUCTION		WOODY BORRERIA
Woody borreria (Hedyotis verticillata) is a dicot weed in the Rubiaceae family. In Malaysia this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 2005 and infests Palm oil. Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 22 (Legacy D), and Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G). These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to glyphosate, and paraquat and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 22 (Legacy D), and Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G). The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Jan 27, 2014 )
Common Name	Woody borreria
Species	Hedyotis verticillata
Group	PS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D) Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Herbicides	glyphosate, and paraquat
Location	Malaysia, Terengganu
Year	2005
Situation(s)	Palm oil
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Chuah Tse-Seng
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

DOSE RESPONSE

Chuah Tse-Seng

PARAQUAT AND GLYPHOSATE RESISTANCE IN WOODY BORRERIA (HEDYOTIS VERTICILLATA) GROWING AT OIL PALM PLANTATIONS IN TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA
CHUAH, T.S.¹, NOOR-ZALILA, M.R.², CHA, T.S.² and ISMAIL, B.S.^3*
1Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science,
2Faculty of Science and Technology,
Kolej Universiti Sains danTeknologi Malaysia, Mengabang Telipot (KUSTEM),
21030, KualaTerengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
3School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Glyphosate- and paraquat-resistant and susceptible biotypes of Hedyotis verticillata (woody borreria) infesting oil palm plantations of Terengganu, Malaysia, belonging to the Federal Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority (FELCRA), Bukit Sudu, FELCRA Bukit Kapah, and the Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA), Belara, Kuala Terengganu were screened in a greenhouse study. Dose-response tests conducted using 3- to 4-leaf plants revealed that H. verticillata from oil palm plantations of FELCRA Bukit Kapah and FELDA Belara have developed multiple-resistance towards both glyphosate and paraquat. The paraquat resistance biotype of H. verticillata was detected in oil palm plantations of FELCRA Bukit Sudu. Comparison of concentrations of herbicides required to kill 50% (ED₅₀ value) of the population indicated that the resistant biotypes of H. verticillata are between 2 to 4- fold more resistant than their respective susceptible biotypes.

Malays. Appl. Biol. (2005) 34(2): 43–49

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Woody borreria biotype with this Woody borreria biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 22, 9 resistant Woody borreria have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant Woody borreria from Malaysia please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

CHUAH TSE-SENG

Lecturer Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Department Of Agrotechnology Faculty Of Agrotechnology & Food Science Kuala Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu Malaysia Email Chuah Tse-Seng

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Malaysia have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Chuah Tse-Seng for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Woody borreria Globally
(Hedyotis verticillata)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

Malaysia

2005

Palm oil

glyphosate, and paraquat

Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Seng ChuahTse ; Ismail Sahid. 2010. The status of weed resistance in plantation crops of Malaysia. Planter 86 : 615 - 620.

Herbicides are the major strategic components of weed control in plantations of Malaysia. However, heavy reliance upon herbicides as the primary method of weed control in plantations has resulted in the evolution of herbicide resistant weed populations. This paper gives the current status of herbicide-resistant weeds in plantation crops of Malaysia. In rubber and oil palm plantations, four weed species namely Eleusine indica, Hedyotis verticillata, Clidemia hirta and Chromolaena odorata have been reported to have developed resistance to single or multiple herbicides such as glyphosate, paraquat and metsulfuron in several states namely Terengganu, Kelantan, Pahang, Kedah, Selangor, Perak, Johor and Sarawak..

CHUAH, T.S., NOOR-ZALILA, M.R., CHA, T.S. and ISMAIL, B.S.. 2005. Paraquat and Glyphosate Resistance in Woody Borreria (Hedyotis verticillata)Growing at Oil Palm Plantations in Terengganu, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Applied Biology 34 : 43 - 49.

Glyphosate- and paraquat-resistant and susceptible biotypes ofHedyotis verticillata(woody borreria) infesting oil palm plantations of Terengganu, Malaysia, belonging to the Federal Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority (FELCRA), Bukit Sudu, FELCRA Bukit Kapah, and the Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA), Belara, Kuala Terengganu were screened in a greenhouse study. Dose-response tests conducted using 3- to 4-leaf plants revealed thatH. verticillatafrom oil palm plantations of FELCRA Bukit Kapah and FELDA Belara have developed multiple-resistance towards both glyphosate and paraquat. The paraquat resistance biotype ofH. verticillatawas detected in oil palm plantations of FELCRA Bukit Sudu. Comparison of concentrations of herbicides required to kill 50% (ED₅₀value) of the population indicated that the resistant biotypes ofH. verticillataare between 2 to 4- fold more resistant than their respective susceptible biotypes..

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