Multiple resistant Bidens pilosa from Brazil

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

MULTIPLE RESISTANT HAIRY BEGGARTICKS
(Bidens pilosa)

Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

Brazil, Paraná

INTRODUCTION		HAIRY BEGGARTICKS
Hairy Beggarticks (Bidens pilosa) is a dicot weed in the Asteraceae family. In Brazil this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 2016 and infests Corn (maize), and Soybean. Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2). These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to atrazine, and imazethapyr and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2). The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Nov 02, 2016 )
Common Name	Hairy Beggarticks
Species	Bidens pilosa
Group	Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Herbicides	atrazine, and imazethapyr
Location	Brazil, Paraná
Year	2016
Situation(s)	Corn (maize), and Soybean
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Nilda R. Burgos, Jamil Constantin, Rubem Oliveira, and Hudson Takano
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Rubem Oliveira

Ciência e Agrotecnologia 40(5):547-554, Sep/Oct. 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542016405022316

Multiple resistance to atrazine and imazethapyr in hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa)

Resistência múltipla a atrazina e imazethapyr em picão-preto (Bidens pilosa)

Hudson Kagueyama Takano^1*, Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Junior¹, Jamil Constantin¹, Guilherme Braga Pereira Braz¹, Luiz Henrique Morais Franchini¹, Nilda Roma Burgos²

¹Universidade Estadual de Maringá/UEM, Maringá, PR, Brasil ²University of Arkansas - Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA *Corresponding author: hudsontakano@gmail.com Received in May 30, 2016 and approved in July 29, 2016

ABSTRACT Resistance to herbicides is a serious threat to crop production worldwide, especially in agronomic crops and cereals. This research evaluated the possible occurrence of Bidens pilosa resistant to imazethapyr and atrazine in Brazil. The resistant biotype was collected from an area with a history of repeated application of photosystem II (PSII) and ALS inhibitor herbicides. The susceptible biotype was collected from an area with no history of herbicide application. Resistance verification experiments were carried out in the greenhouse. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 8 factorial scheme, where the first factor was populations [susceptible (S), parent resistant (PR), and resistant F1 (RF1)]; and the second factor was herbicide dose (0, 375, 750, 1500, 3000, 6000, 12000 and 24000 g ha^-1 for atrazine; or 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 g ha^-1 for imazethapyr). The resistance factor to atrazine was 2.83 for PR and 5.55 for RF1. This population was more resistant to imazethapyr (>21-fold) than it was to atrazine. The recommended maximum dose of the herbicides did not control this B. pilosa population adequately. The data support the claim that B. pilosa population from this field in Quarto Centenário, Parana is resistant to two herbicide modes of action - PSII inhibitor (i.e. atrazine) and ALS inhibitor (i.e. imazethapyr). This is the first report of such case for this species, globally. Cross-resistance to other ALS inhibitors and other PS II inhibitors as well as the respective mechanisms of resistance to each herbicide are being investigated.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Hairy Beggarticks biotype with this Hairy Beggarticks biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2, 5 resistant Hairy Beggarticks have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant Hairy Beggarticks from Brazil please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

NILDA R. BURGOS

Professor - Weed Physiology University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville Crop, Soil And Environmental Sciences 1366 W. Altheimer Dr. Fayetteville, 72704, Arkansas United States Email Nilda R. Burgos Web : Web Site Link

JAMIL CONSTANTIN

Associate Professor Universidade Estadual de Maringá Departamento de Agronomia Av. Colombo 5790 Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Paraná Brazil Email Jamil Constantin Web : Web Site Link

RUBEM OLIVEIRA

Associate Professor Universidade Estadual De Maringá - Departamento De Agronomia Núcleo De Estudos Avançados Em Ciência Das Plantas Daninhas Av. Colombo 5790 Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná Brazil Email Rubem Oliveira Web : Web Site Link

HUDSON TAKANO

Graduate Student Colorado State University Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management 300 W Pitkin St Fort Collins, 80521, Colorado United States Email Hudson Takano Web : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Brazil have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Nilda R. Burgos, Jamil Constantin, Rubem Oliveira, and Hudson Takano for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Hairy Beggarticks Globally
(Bidens pilosa)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

Brazil

1993

Soybean

chlorimuron-ethyl, imazaquin, imazethapyr, nicosulfuron, and pyrithiobac-sodium

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Brazil

2016

Corn (maize), and Soybean

atrazine, and imazethapyr

Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

Kenya

1991

Coffee

paraquat

PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)

Mexico

2014

Lime, and sour

glyphosate

Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Alcántara-de la Cruz, R., Fernández-Moreno, P.T., Ozuna, C.V., Rojano-Delgado, A.M., Cruz-Hipolito, H.E., Domínguez-Valenzuela, J.A., Barro, F. and De Prado, R.. 2016. arget and non-target site mechanisms developed by glyphosate-resistant hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.) populations from Mexico. Frontiers in Plant Science 7 : 1492 - .

In 2014 hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.) has been identified as being glyphosate-resistant in citrus orchards from Mexico. The target and non-target site mechanisms involved in the response to glyphosate of two resistant populations (R1 and R2) and one susceptible (S) were studied. Experiments of dose-response, shikimic acid accumulation, uptake-translocation, enzyme activity and 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene sequencing were carried out in each population. The R1 and R2 populations were 20.4 and 2.8-fold less glyphosate sensitive, respectively, than the S population. The resistant populations showed a lesser shikimic acid accumulation than the S population. In the latter one, 24.9% of 14C-glyphosate was translocated to the roots at 96 h after treatment; in the R1 and R2 populations only 12.9 and 15.5%, respectively, was translocated. Qualitative results confirmed the reduced 14C-glyphosate translocation in the resistant populations. The EPSPS enzyme activity of the S population was 128.4 and 8.5-fold higher than the R1 and R2 populations of glyphosate-treated plants, respectively. A single (Pro-106-Ser), and a double (Thr-102-Ile followed by Pro-106-Ser) mutations were identified in the EPSPS2 gene conferred high resistance in R1 population. Target-site mutations associated with a reduced translocation were responsible for the higher glyphosate resistance in the R1 population. The low-intermediate resistance of the R2 population was mediated by reduced translocation. This is the first glyphosate resistance case confirmed in hairy beggarticks in the world..

Lopes Ovejero, R. F. ; Soares, D. J. ; Oliveira, W. S. ; Fonseca, L. B. ; Berger, G. U. ; Soteres, J. K. ; Christoffoleti, P. J.. 2013. Residual herbicides in weed management for glyphosate-resistant soybean in Brazil. Planta Daninha 31 : 947 - 959.

In agricultural production systems where the glyphosate-resistant soybean crop (Glycine max) is grown and the practice of crop rotation with alternative herbicides is not adopted, the exclusive and continuous use of glyphosate has led to the occurrence of resistant weed populations that may limit or compromise the benefits of this technology. Thus, the efficacy of weed management programs, including the use of residual herbicides (sulfentrazone, flumioxazin, imazethapyr, diclosulan, chlorimuron and s-metolachlor) applied in preemergence and followed by in-crop postemergence applications of glyphosate (PRE-POST) were compared to glyphosate postemergence only programs - POST. The study was conducted across nine locations during the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons. PRE-POST programs were efficient in the control of Amaranthus viridis, Brachiaria plantaginea, Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis, Eleusine indica, Euphorbia heterophylla and Raphanus raphanistrum, with the level of control being similar when comparing the program with two applications of glyphosate POST. Some PRE-POST programs were not efficient in controlling Cenchrus echinatus, Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea triloba. Sulfentrazone and diclosulam PRE-POST programs improved the control of Ipomoea triloba compared to sequential applications of glyphosate alone. No significant differences in soybean yield were observed between any of the herbicide treatments or study locations. The use of residual herbicides in preemergence followed by glyphosate in-crop postemergence provides consistent weed control and reducing early season weed competition. Furthermore, these programs utilize at least two herbicide modes of action for herbicide use diversity, which will be needed to stay ahead of resistance build-up, regardless of when weeds may appear..

Baio, F. H. R. ; Pires, L. F. ; Tomquelski, G.. 2013. Mapping hairy beggarticks resistant to ALS herbicide in the Mato Grosso do Sul region. Bioscience Journal 29 : 59 - 64.

When herbicides with the same action mechanism are used repeatedly for several years, the herbicide resistant weeds can survive the treatment, propagate and dominate the area. The aim of this work was to identify and to map the patches of hairy beggarticks (Bidenspilosa) resistant to ALS inhibitors (acetolactate synthase) in the Mato Grosso do Sul region. Weed patch contour method was used to mapping, which is defined by walking around the weed patch. Hairy beggarticks biotypes were evaluated for their resistance to ALS inhibitors according to the increment on the doses of an herbicide on experimental field plot in the mapped area. The method used for hairy beggar ticks mapping by weed patch contour was considered effective under the evaluated conditions, and the geospatial weed map was obtained, allowing the patch spraying. There were areas of the field free of hairy beggar ticks. The studied field area was infested by hairy beggarticksbiotypes resistant to the applied herbicide, which was not efficient..

Braz, G. B. P. ; Oliveira Júnior, R. S. de ; Constantin, J. ; Dan, H. de A. ; Oliveira Neto, A. M. de ; Santos, G. ; Constantin, A. F. ; Takano, H. K.. 2011. Alternative herbicides for controlling Bidens pilosa and Euphorbia heterophylla resistant to ALS inhibitor in cotton crop. Revista Brasileira de Herbicidas 10 : .

The presence of Bidens pilosa and Euphorbia heterophylla resistant to ALS inhibitors is a problem to weed management in cotton crop, due to the fact that few alternatives broadleaf selective herbicides area available. In order to supply this information gap, four experiments were established in greenhouse conditions with the objective of evaluating herbicides applied in post-emergence conditions, recommended either for conventional and transgenic cotton (resistant to glyphosate and amonio-glufosinate) for controlling these resistant biotypes. The experimental design was entirely randomized with four replications and 21 herbicides treatments, besides a check without herbicide application. Two experiments were conducted per species, where the first one corresponded to herbicides application in stages of two to four leaves, and the second in the stage of four to six. It was evaluated the percentage of control at 7 and 28 days after herbicide application. Amonio-glufosinate and glyphosate applied isolated or in combinations with other herbicides were effective in controlling B. pilosa independently of the growth stage. The two biotypes demonstrated to be highly resistant to ALS inhibitor herbicides. E. heterophylla showed greater sensitivity to herbicide amonio-glufosinate herbicide and glyphosate in early stages applications. Glyphosate stood out as a satisfactory alternative for controlling E. heterophylla. For this biotype, synergistic effect was verified for associations between amonio-glufosinate and pyrithiobac-sodium..

Santos, J. B. ; Cury, J. P.. 2011. Black jack: a special weed in tropical soils. Planta Daninha 29 : 1159 - 1171.

Bidens pilosa occurs in practically all the Brazilian territory, besides several other tropical habitats. This plant's most advantageous aspects in the competition with major annual and perennial cultivars are its abundant and long propagule production, preferential photo-blastism, water use efficiency, high nutrient extraction and use, and morphophysiological characteristics. Due to B. pilosas plasticity and adaptative flexibility, as well as interaction of the characteristics determining its competitiveness, it is difficult to identify those which are associated with higher competitive capacity and expressiveness. This species presents biotypes resistant to some herbicides, rendering its control difficult in agricultural areas. The use of other management methods is also difficult, due to the wide variation in the flow of propagule dissemination, germination and emergence, as well as the beneficial association of this weed with microorganisms present in the soil. Although this plant has aggressive infesting characteristics, this work has reported some mechanisms that can be used for its integrated management. B. pilosa also presents medical properties, with extensive scientific studies being necessary in order to obtain benefits..

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